Reactive Scala Driver for MongoDB

Asynchronous & Non-Blocking

A ReactiveMongo plugin is available for Play Framework, providing a reactive, asynchronous and non-blocking Scala driver for MongoDB to develop your application.

This module is based on the Play JSON serialization.

Add Play2-ReactiveMongo to your dependencies

The latest version of this plugin is for Play 2.5+, and can be enabled by adding the following dependency in your project/Build.scala (or build.sbt).

// only for Play 3.0.x (Scala 3+)
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.reactivemongo" %% "play2-reactivemongo" % "1.1.0-play30.RC13"
)

// only for Play 2.9.x (Scala 2.13+)
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.reactivemongo" %% "play2-reactivemongo" % "1.1.0-play29.RC13"
)

// only for Play 2.8.x (Scala 2.12)
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.reactivemongo" %% "play2-reactivemongo" % "1.1.0-play28.RC13"
)

// only for Play 2.7.x (Scala 2.12)
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.reactivemongo" %% "play2-reactivemongo" % "1.1.0-play27.RC13"
)

// only for Play 2.6.x (Scala 2.12)
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.reactivemongo" %% "play2-reactivemongo" % "1.1.0-play26.RC13"
)

// only for Play 2.5.x (Scala 2.11)
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.reactivemongo" %% "play2-reactivemongo" % "1.1.0-play25.RC13"
)

When the dependency to the Play plugin is used, no separate dependency to the ReactiveMongo driver must be declared, as it will be resolved in the appropriate version by the transitive dependency mechanism.

As for Play itself, this ReactiveMongo plugin requires a JVM 1.8+.

The API of this Play module can be browsed online.

The API for the standalone JSON serialization is also available.

If you want to use the latest snapshot, add the following instead (only for play > 2.4):

resolvers += "Sonatype Snapshots" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/"

libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.reactivemongo" %% "play2-reactivemongo" % "1.1.0-play28.RC13"
)

Setup

Play 2.5+

ReactiveMongoPlugin is deprecated, long live to ReactiveMongoModule and ReactiveMongoApi.

Play has deprecated the plugins in version 2.4, therefore it is recommended to remove the former ReactiveMongoPlugin from your project. It must be replaced it by ReactiveMongoModule and ReactiveMongoApi which is the interface to MongoDB.

Thus, the dependency injection can be configured, so that the your controllers are given the new ReactiveMongo API. First, Add the line bellow to application.conf:

play.modules.enabled += "play.modules.reactivemongo.ReactiveMongoModule"

Then use the Play’s dependency injection mechanism to resolve instance of ReactiveMongoApi which as an interface to MongoDB.

import javax.inject.Inject

import play.api.mvc.{ AbstractController, ControllerComponents }
import play.modules.reactivemongo._

class MyController @Inject() (
  components: ControllerComponents,
  val reactiveMongoApi: ReactiveMongoApi
) extends AbstractController(components)
  with MongoController with ReactiveMongoComponents {

  // ...
}

The traits ReactiveMongoComponents and ReactiveMongoApiComponents can be used for compile-time dependency injection.

import javax.inject.Inject

import play.api.mvc.{ AbstractController, ControllerComponents }
import play.modules.reactivemongo._

class MyController @Inject() (
  components: ControllerComponents,
  val reactiveMongoApi: ReactiveMongoApi
) extends AbstractController(components)
  with MongoController with ReactiveMongoComponents {

}

When using Play dependency injection for a controller, the injected routes need to be enabled by adding routesGenerator := InjectedRoutesGenerator to your build.

The base class ReactiveMongoApiFromContext is also available to help implementing custom provisioning/loading (e.g. for application loader).

import play.api.ApplicationLoader

import play.modules.reactivemongo.ReactiveMongoApiFromContext

class MyApplicationLoader extends ApplicationLoader {
  def load(context: ApplicationLoader.Context) =
    new MyComponents(context).application
}

class MyComponents(context: ApplicationLoader.Context)
    extends ReactiveMongoApiFromContext(context) {

  lazy val router = play.api.routing.Router.empty
  lazy val httpFilters = Seq.empty[play.api.mvc.EssentialFilter]
}

Multiple pools

In your Play application, you can use ReactiveMongo with multiple connection pools (possibly with different replica sets and/or different options), using the @NamedDatabase annotation.

Consider the following configuration, with several connection URIs.

# The default URI
mongodb.uri = "mongodb://someuser:somepasswd@localhost:27017/foo"

# Another one, named with 'bar'
mongodb.bar.uri = "mongodb://someuser:somepasswd@localhost:27017/lorem"

Then the dependency injection can select the API instances using the names.

import javax.inject.Inject

import play.modules.reactivemongo._

class MyComponent @Inject() (
  val defaultApi: ReactiveMongoApi, // corresponds to 'mongodb.uri'
  @NamedDatabase("bar") val barApi: ReactiveMongoApi // 'mongodb.bar'
) {

}

Configure your database access

This module reads the connection properties from the application.conf and gives you an easy access to the connected database.

You can use the URI syntax to point to your MongoDB:

mongodb.uri = "mongodb://someuser:somepasswd@localhost:27017/your_db_name"

This is especially helpful on platforms like Heroku, where the add-ons publish the connection URI in a single environment variable. The URI syntax supports the following format: mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,hostN[:portN]]/dbName?option1=value1&option2=value2

A more complete example:

mongodb.uri = "mongodb://someuser:somepasswd@host1:27017,host2:27017,host3:27017/your_db_name?authSource=authdb&rm.nbChannelsPerNode=10"

To configure a connection pool different from the default one (for the @NamedDatabase annotation), the key must be mongodb.ANY_NAME.uri.

mongodb.ANY_NAME.uri = "mongodb://localhost:27017/another_pool"

The setting mongodb.connection.strictUri (true or false) can be added to the Play configuration (or mongodb.ANY_NAME.connection.strictUri for a connection pool other than the default one), to enforce the ReactiveMongo only accepts strict URI: to make the connection pool throws an exception if given an URI with unsupported options. By default (false), unsupported options (e.g. ?foo=bar) are just ignored.

Configure underlying Akka system

ReactiveMongo loads its Akka configuration from the key mongo-async-driver.

To change the corresponding log level (prevent dead-letter logging for example):

mongo-async-driver {
  akka {
    loglevel = WARNING
  }
}

Main features

Routing

The BSON types can be used in the bindings of the Play routing.

For example, consider an action as follows.

import javax.inject.Inject

import play.api.mvc.{ AbstractController, ControllerComponents }
import reactivemongo.api.bson.BSONObjectID

class Application @Inject() (
  components: ControllerComponents) extends AbstractController(components) {
  def foo(id: BSONObjectID) = Action {
    Ok(s"Foo: ${id.stringify}")
  }
}

This action can be configured with a BSONObjectID binding, in the conf/routes file.

GET /foo/:id controllers.Application.foo(id: reactivemongo.api.bson.BSONObjectID)

When using BSON types in the route bindings, the Play plugin for SBT must also be set up (in your build.sbt or project/Build.scala), to be able to install the appropriate import in the generated routes.

import play.sbt.routes.RoutesKeys

RoutesKeys.routesImport += "play.modules.reactivemongo.PathBindables._"

If this routes import is not configured, errors as following will occur.

[error] /path/to/conf/routes:19: No URL path binder found for type reactivemongo.api.bson.BSONObjectID. Try to implement an implicit PathBindable for this type.

Once this is properly set up, any BSON types can be used in your routes, and the appropriate validations are used.

In the current example with BSONObjectID, if calling /foo/bar (with bar bound as :id), then the error thereafter will be raised.

For request 'GET /foo/bar' [wrong ObjectId: 'bar']

Helpers for GridFS

Play2-ReactiveMongo makes it easy to serve and store files in a complete non-blocking manner. It provides a body parser for handling file uploads, and a method to serve files from a GridFS store.

import javax.inject.Inject

import scala.concurrent.Future

import akka.stream.Materializer

import play.api.mvc.{ AbstractController, ControllerComponents }

import play.api.libs.concurrent.Execution.Implicits.defaultContext
import play.api.libs.json._

import reactivemongo.api.gridfs.ReadFile
import reactivemongo.api.bson.{ BSONDocument, BSONValue }

import play.modules.reactivemongo.{
  MongoController, ReactiveMongoComponents, ReactiveMongoApi
}

class MyController @Inject() (
  components: ControllerComponents,
  materializer: Materializer,
  val reactiveMongoApi: ReactiveMongoApi
) extends AbstractController(components)
  with MongoController with ReactiveMongoComponents {

  implicit def m: Materializer = materializer

  // gridFSBodyParser from `MongoController`
  val fsParser = gridFSBodyParser(reactiveMongoApi.asyncGridFS)
  
  def upload = Action(fsParser) { request =>
    // here is the future file!
    val file: ReadFile[BSONValue, BSONDocument] = request.body.files.head.ref

    // do something with `file`
    Ok
  }
}

The maximum size of upload using the GridFS provided by a MongoController can be configured by the Play DefaultMaxDiskLength.

Code samples

Play controller sample

package controllers

import javax.inject.Inject

import scala.concurrent.{ ExecutionContext, Future }

import play.api.Logger
import play.api.mvc.{ AbstractController, ControllerComponents }
import play.api.libs.functional.syntax._
import play.api.libs.json._

// Reactive Mongo imports
import reactivemongo.api.{ Cursor, ReadPreference }
import reactivemongo.api.bson.collection.{
  BSONCollection, BSONSerializationPack
}

import play.modules.reactivemongo.{ // ReactiveMongo Play2 plugin
  MongoController,
  ReactiveMongoApi,
  ReactiveMongoComponents
}

// BSON-JSON conversions/collection
import reactivemongo.play.json.compat._,
  json2bson.{ toDocumentReader, toDocumentWriter }

/*
 * Example using ReactiveMongo + Play JSON library.
 *
 * There are two approaches demonstrated in this controller:
 * - using JsObjects directly
 * - using case classes that can be turned into JSON using Reads and Writes.
 *
 * This controller uses JsObjects directly.
 *
 * Instead of using the default Collection implementation (which interacts with
 * BSON structures + BSONReader/BSONWriter), we use a specialized
 * implementation that works with JsObject + Reads/Writes.
 *
 * Of course, you can still use the default Collection implementation
 * (BSONCollection.) See ReactiveMongo examples to learn how to use it.
 */
class Application @Inject() (
  components: ControllerComponents,
  val reactiveMongoApi: ReactiveMongoApi,
) extends AbstractController(components)
    with MongoController with ReactiveMongoComponents {

  //val _ = implicitly[OWrites[JsObject]]
  //val _ = implicitly[ToValue]
  val _ = implicitly[reactivemongo.api.bson.BSONDocumentWriter[JsObject]]

  implicit def ec: ExecutionContext = components.executionContext

  /*
   * Resolves a collection.
   *
   * The deprecated `.db` function should be replaced as there by `.database`.
   *
   * Note that the `collection` is not a `val`, but a `def`. We do _not_ store
   * the collection reference to avoid potential problems in development with
   * Play hot-reloading.
   */
  def collection: Future[BSONCollection] =
    reactiveMongoApi.database.map(_.collection[BSONCollection]("persons"))

  def index = Action { Ok("works") }

  def create(name: String, age: Int) = Action.async {
    val json = Json.obj(
      "name" -> name,
      "age" -> age,
      "created" -> new java.util.Date().getTime())

    collection.flatMap(_.insert.one(json)).map(lastError =>
      Ok("Mongo LastError: %s".format(lastError)))
  }

  def createFromJson = Action.async(parse.json) { request =>
    import play.api.libs.json.Reads._
    /*
     * request.body is a JsValue.
     * There is an implicit Writes that turns this JsValue as a JsObject,
     * so you can call insert.one() with this JsValue.
     * (insert.one() takes a JsObject as parameter, or anything that can be
     * turned into a JsObject using a Writes.)
     */
    val transformer: Reads[JsObject] =
      Reads.jsPickBranch[JsString](__ \ "firstName") and
        Reads.jsPickBranch[JsString](__ \ "lastName") and
        Reads.jsPickBranch[JsNumber](__ \ "age") reduce

    request.body.transform(transformer).map { result =>
      collection.flatMap(_.insert.one(result)).map { lastError =>
        Logger.debug(s"Successfully inserted with LastError: $lastError")
        Created
      }
    }.getOrElse(Future.successful(BadRequest("invalid json")))
  }

  def findByName(name: String) = Action.async {
    // let's do our query
    val cursor: Future[Cursor[JsObject]] = collection.map {
      // find all people with name `name`
      _.find(Json.obj("name" -> name)).
        // sort them by creation date
        sort(Json.obj("created" -> -1)).
        // perform the query and get a cursor of JsObject
        cursor[JsObject](ReadPreference.primary)
    }

    // gather all the JsObjects in a list
    val futurePersonsList: Future[List[JsObject]] =
      cursor.flatMap(_.collect[List](-1, Cursor.FailOnError[List[JsObject]]()))

    // transform the list into a JsArray
    val futurePersonsJsonArray: Future[JsArray] =
      futurePersonsList.map { persons => Json.arr(persons) }

    // everything's ok! Let's reply with the array
    futurePersonsJsonArray.map { persons =>
      Ok(persons)
    }
  }
}

Please note:

Play controller sample using JSON Writes and Reads

First, the models:

package models

case class User(
  age: Int,
  firstName: String,
  lastName: String,
  feeds: List[Feed])

case class Feed(
  name: String,
  url: String)

object JsonFormats {
  import play.api.libs.json.Json

  // Generates Writes and Reads for Feed and User thanks to Json Macros
  implicit val feedFormat = Json.format[Feed]
  implicit val userFormat = Json.format[User]
}

The following import is recommended to make sure JSON/BSON conversions are available.

import reactivemongo.play.json.compat._

Then, the controller which uses the compatibility with JSON’s Reads and Writes:

package controllers

import javax.inject.Inject

import scala.concurrent.{ ExecutionContext, Future }

import play.api.Logger
import play.api.mvc.{ AbstractController, ControllerComponents }
import play.api.libs.json._

// Reactive Mongo imports
import reactivemongo.api.Cursor

import reactivemongo.api.bson.collection.BSONCollection

import play.modules.reactivemongo.{ // ReactiveMongo Play2 plugin
  MongoController,
  ReactiveMongoApi,
  ReactiveMongoComponents
}

import reactivemongo.play.json.compat._,
  json2bson.{ toDocumentReader, toDocumentWriter }

/*
 * Example using ReactiveMongo + Play JSON library.
 *
 * There are two approaches demonstrated in this controller:
 * - using JsObjects directly
 * - using case classes that can be turned into JSON using Reads and Writes.
 *
 * This controller uses case classes and their associated Reads/Writes
 * to read or write JSON structures.
 *
 * Instead of using the default Collection implementation (which interacts with
 * BSON structures + BSONReader/BSONWriter), we use a specialized
 * implementation that works with JsObject + Reads/Writes.
 *
 * Of course, you can still use the default Collection implementation
 * (BSONCollection.) See ReactiveMongo examples to learn how to use it.
 */
class ApplicationUsingJsonReadersWriters @Inject() (
  components: ControllerComponents,
  val reactiveMongoApi: ReactiveMongoApi
) extends AbstractController(components)
  with MongoController with ReactiveMongoComponents {

  implicit def ec: ExecutionContext = components.executionContext

  def collection: Future[BSONCollection] = database.map(
    _.collection[BSONCollection]("persons"))

  // ------------------------------------------ //
  // Using case classes + JSON Writes and Reads //
  // ------------------------------------------ //
  import models._
  import models.JsonFormats._

  def create = Action.async {
    val user = User(29, "John", "Smith", List(
      Feed("Slashdot news", "http://slashdot.org/slashdot.rdf")))

    // insert the user
    val futureResult = collection.flatMap(_.insert.one(user))

    // when the insert is performed, send a OK 200 result
    futureResult.map(_ => Ok)
  }

  def createFromJson = Action.async(parse.json) { request =>
    /*
     * request.body is a JsValue.
     * There is an implicit Writes that turns this JsValue as a JsObject,
     * so you can call insert.one() with this JsValue.
     * (insert.one() takes a JsObject as parameter, or anything that can be
     * turned into a JsObject using a Writes.)
     */
    request.body.validate[User].map { user =>
      // `user` is an instance of the case class `models.User`
      collection.flatMap(_.insert.one(user)).map { lastError =>
        Logger.debug(s"Successfully inserted with LastError: $lastError")
        Created
      }
    }.getOrElse(Future.successful(BadRequest("invalid json")))
  }

  def findByName(lastName: String) = Action.async {
    // let's do our query
    val cursor: Future[Cursor[User]] = collection.map {
      // find all people with name `name`
      _.find(Json.obj("lastName" -> lastName)).
        // sort them by creation date
        sort(Json.obj("created" -> -1)).
        // perform the query and get a cursor of JsObject
        cursor[User]()
    }

    // gather all the JsObjects in a list
    val futureUsersList: Future[List[User]] =
      cursor.flatMap(_.collect[List](-1, Cursor.FailOnError[List[User]]()))

    // everything's ok! Let's reply with the array
    futureUsersList.map { persons =>
      Ok(persons.toString)
    }
  }
}

Troubleshooting

For Play > 2.4, if you still have a file conf/play.plugins, it’s important to make sure this file no longer mentions ReactiveMongoPlugin, which is replaced by ReactiveMongoModule. With such deprecated configuration, the following error can be raised.

ConfigurationException: Guice configuration errors: 
1) Could not find a suitable constructor in 
play.modules.reactivemongo.ReactiveMongoPlugin.

As in the code driver, the database resolution has been updated in the Play module. If using the deprecated resolution, the following warning is raised by the compiler.

method db in trait MongoController is deprecated: Use [[database]]

A related warning can also be displayed about GridFS usage.

method gridFSBodyParser in trait MongoController is deprecated: Use gridFSBodyParser with Future[GridFS]

Resources

Samples:

Previous: Play JSON support

Suggest changes